In "Glocalization:Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity" sociologist Roland Robertson suggests replacing the concept of globalization with the concept of "glocalization".In using "glocalization" rather than globalization Robertson wishes to blur the boundaries between the local and the global. We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. heterogeneity definition: 1. the fact of consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other: 2. the fact. True or False: Feminist theory is critical and activist on behalf of women. The Dependency theorists maintain that underdeveloped nations, if this model continues, will remain poor and dependent on wealthier nations. The Silk Road which was made to encourage trade between China and the countries around the Mediterranean Sea will not only flourish the trade between these countries but at the same time also allow the exchange of culture and knowledge. The hegemon state (presently the US or G7/8) maintains and defines international rules and institutions that both advance its own interests and at the same time contain conflicts between other states. Notably, convergence theory can encourage international cooperation and collaboration. Initially, dependency theory was connected mostly with Latin American countries that were embedded in the capitalist system. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527. A critical theory of globalization attempts to specify the interconnections and interdependencies between different levels such as the economic, political, cultural and psychological, as well as between different flows of products, ideas and information, people, and technology. In the mid-1960s, American sociologist Clark Kerr introduced a groundbreaking concept the theory of convergence. He deconstructs their argument, if a is defined as globalisation (as defined above), b as the organisational interests such as MNEs, IGOs, trading blocs, and powerful states, and c as political globalisation (also as defined above), then their argument reduces to a. b. c. In this way, their discussion of globalisation is trivial. ); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities. 1. It has spurred globalisation in four ways: market expansion, accounting practices, asset mobility and enlarged arenas of commodification. The Anthropology of Globalization provides an ethnographic introduction to the world of flows and interconnections. The second and third generations of immigrants in many countries are torn between the culture of their 'native' land and the culture where they grew up. Core nations and transnational firms have a significant impact on these countries. The diplomatic organization also consists of things like treaties and cooperation between two or more countries on different issues. Today, convergence theory is a valuable tool for understanding the effects of increased global interconnectedness on societies and cultures worldwide. It also seeks to explore identities and investigate meanings. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". These organisational interests combine actors identified under the hyper-globalist category (namely IGOs and MNEs) with those of the sceptics (trading blocs and powerful states) into a new system where each of these actors exercises their political power, authority and forms of rule. Confusion of how globalisation can bring juxtaposing notions of homogeneity and heterogeneity simultaneously is understood by the fact that whilst global commodities might be Wood-Wallace, D (2009) 'Globalisation, Homogeneity and . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This paper is made mainly on cultural changes focusing. Viktoriya Sus (MA) and Peer Reviewed by Chris Drew (PhD), Origins and History of Convergence Theory, 1. Certain production processes, regulations, technologies and art forms are applicable across the planet. It also leads from nationalism to greater pluralism and hybridity. This often becomes a reason for misunderstandings, sometimes aggression in the interaction of representatives of opposing worldviews, preferences or traditions. National, class, religious and other identities respond in part to material conditions but they also depend on inter-subjective construction and communication of shared self-understanding. The world is divided into three regions: core nations, periphery countries, and semi-periphery countries. David E. O'Connor defines it as "the process by which local cultures are transformed or absorbed by a . In brief, here are some of the positive impacts of globalization: Information technology is developing very rapidly. Sometimes a blend is achieved. They are not always influential in international commerce, but their economies are broad and advanced. She holds a Masters degree in International Business from Lviv National University and has more than 6 years of experience writing for different clients. Postmodernism, like Marxism, helps to go beyond the relatively superficial accounts of liberalist and political realist theories and expose social conditions that have favoured globalisation. Their contests can be overt or latent. Marxists reject both liberalist and political realist explanations of globalisation. Women have tended to be marginalised, silenced and violated in global communication. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In the first wave, the age of discovery (1450-1850), globalization: a) Was a benign form of cosmopolitan democracy. . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. It Overlooks the role of Power and Inequality, Uncertainty Reduction Theory: 10 Examples and Definition, Gender Schema Theory: Examples, Definition, Criticisms, Social Trap: 15 Examples and Definition (Psychology). The United States (core nation) reaps disproportionate gains from economic and political interactions with Brazil (semi-peripheral nation) and Kenya (peripheral nation). According to this theory, the further nations progress along their industrialization journey towards becoming fully industrialized powers, they will increasingly emulate other developed countries in terms of technology and cultural norms. World System Theory. Given the importance of the global marketplace, multi-national enterprises (MNEs) and intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) which regulate their activity are key political actors. World-systems theory emphasises the significance of the entire globe as a whole instead of individual nations. Globalization and cultural homogeneity are inextricably linked and are changing the way that the world functions in many ways. Over time, such a convergence of diverse social groups could lead to a unified global society with greater uniformity amongst its members. Technological globalization. Anthropological studies reveal that People born into a particular culture that grow up absorbing the values and behaviors of the culture will develop a worldview that considers their culture to be the norm. In real sense they are bound to differ in their thinking, as human beings are born with different perceptions. It concentrates profits at points of low taxation. Essentially, it is the belief that the poorer periphery or third world nations export raw resources to the rich core or first world countries. Here are some examples: Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with satellite offices and branches in numerous locations. True or False: Psychoanalytical feminists explain women's oppression in terms of women's deep emotional need to control men. Media and communications has played a vital role in globalization by being an enabler of globalization and a transformation agent of social, cultural, and political structures. He has been writing articles and reports since the age of 12 and has always found solace in researching, on most topics under the sun, and wishes to showcase this passion in his time at the Sociology Group. Some other structural inequalities cannot be adequately explained as an outcome of interstate competition. Dr. Drew has published over 20 academic articles in scholarly journals. These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define eachethnicitys uniquecultural identity. While the former focuses on differences between cultures, the latter focuses on similarities that might arise from increased global connections. Question 2. The differences among the people and the groups of people seem to be getting deeper instead of disappearing. The natural environment with a limited and gradual impact on culture is relatively stable. The confidence intervals are all overlapping and in addition to that, all studies favour the control intervention. Such competition occurs both between individual, firms, etc. The convergence process could lead to a unified global society with greater uniformity among its members, thus providing a helpful lens for studying topics such as socioeconomic development, modernization, and globalization. This idea presumes that all societies will progress towards the same goal, regardless of any distinctions in economic standings or governmental systems. Rationalism is instrumentalist. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The reigning structures of understanding determine what can and cannot be known in a given socio-historical context. However, maintaining the same variety, the challenge for the current phase of human evolution is to co-exist with harmony and peace. The sexual division of labor in modern societies dictates that women are given the primary responsibility for the public sphere. Thus, the political realists highlight the issues of power and power struggles and the role of states in generating global relations. Anyone may now pick through the marketplace of global culture. globalization and increased economic integration, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-019-09333-, https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527. Political globalization. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The growing economic disparity between high-income and low-income nations is a cause for concern. There is debate on whether globalisation should be seen as a never-ending process as some scholars suggest the possibility of future historians calling the period we are in the era of globalisation. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. Furthermore, it disregards the fact that many societies may move in different directions, with some populations more likely to experience advantages from convergence than others. As societies become more similar, there may be less social tension and conflict as people share similar values, beliefs, and practices, promoting social harmony and reducing the risk of civil unrest. the above-mentioned example are some of the examples of globalization in different industries. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The term globalization usually has two principal meanings: As a phenomenon it implies that a greater interdependence is happening among different regions and countries in world in terms of finances, trade and communications; b) As a theory of economic development one of its major assumptions is that a greater Others claim that as a result of modernisation, Japan has grown noticeably more Western. Another example of this is the "soccer mom" who goes to church, does yoga and goes out to eat at a Mexican restaurant. Homogeneity theory posits that globalization leads to the homogenization of cultures, where the spread of global capitalism and Westernization results in the erosion of traditional cultures and the emergence of . Often they do not care for the entrenched power hierarchies between states, classes, cultures, sexes, races and resources. All the advice on this site is general in nature. 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