Additionally, Romanesque architecture displays several of the characteristics of Roman buildings, such as rounded arches supported by piers, barrel vaults, and solid masonry walls. The screen facade of the west front is filled with nearly four hundred carved and painted stone figure, and is made more impressive by two flanking towers, attached to but not part of the body of the church. "[23], Another distinctive English element introduced at Lincoln was the use of s the blind arcade (also known as a blank arcade) in the decoration of Hugh's chapel. Their purpose was not entirely aesthetic though, as they were also used as bell towers to call people to religious service or to warn the townsfolk of possible invaders. By incorporating flying buttresses into their designs, Gothic architects were able to construct buildings that were higher than before without the need for thick walls, and galls could be incorporated as well. Unfortunately, the cathedral caught fire in the process and the roof collapsed. Monasteries played an important role in intellectual and cultural life during the High Middle Ages. Gothic architecture has much thinner walls supported by flying buttresses, pointed arches, and stained glass windows. View the full answer. Characteristic Elements of Gothic Style Architecture. Another famous person buried at the cathedral is Christopher Columbus. The importance of light cannot be underestimated in the design of Gothic cathedrals. St. Stephen's Cathedral, Florence Cathedral, Milan Cathedral, etc are some other examples illustrating the characteristics of Gothic buildings. Buttresses were not a new architectural element but were usually set right against the building in Roman times. Much of the church is still in its original state, with only a few changes made since the beginning of the 13th century. Question: Contrast the differences between Early Gothic and High Gothic architecture in France using specific buildings to illustrate your discussion. [11], Laon was also unusual because of its five towers; two on the west front, two on the transepts, and an octagonal lantern on crossing. According to Hogle, Gothic areas might be "a castle, a foreign place, an abbey, a vast prison, a subterranean crypt, a graveyard, a primeval frontier, or island, a large old house or theatre. [28], Noyon Cathedral nave showing the four early Gothic levels (late 12h century), Three-part elevation of Wells Cathedral (begun 1176). It is rated as the third largest cathedral globally, and the facade is particularly admired for its highly ornate decorations and detail. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you -figures are completely free from the architectural framework. During that time many beautiful examples of Gothic cathedrals and buildings have been designed and constructed around the world. Other influences that drove the construction of more Gothic structures were the rise in wealth and population numbers, resulting in churches and cathedrals needing to be built larger in order to accommodate the influx of pilgrims. The Early, High and Late Gothic Periods in architecture produced some of the most famous cathedrals in the world, including Laon, Chartres, and Amiens. The weight was carried downward by thin columns from the corners of the vault to the alternating heavy piers and thinner columns in the nave below. During the dangerous and turbulent period of the Second World War, the cathedral was severely damaged after being hit by several bombs. A civilizations architecture not only shows the artistic skills of its designers and builders but also the functionality of its engineers, the power of its government, and the inventiveness of its people. All Rights Reserved. The first variation of Gothic architecture to start focusing on style over structure was the Rayonnant style, which appeared between 1200 and 1280 in France. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Even when iron was used eventually in these buildings, it was considered unsightly compared to the artistic materials of wood and stone. Nave of Lincoln Cathedral. Following the French model, he used six-part rib vaults, pointed arches, supporting columns with carved acanthus leaf decoration, and a semi-circular ambulatory. From the mid-18th century into the 20th century, there were a series of revivals of Gothic-style architecture, mostly used in the designs of university buildings and churches. (Only the west and north windows still remain). One key feature of Romanesque architecture that was not used in Gothic architecture was thick walls. The new vaults were not successful; the thin panels between the ribs were made of plastered rubble, and were too heavy and cracked, and in 1235 they had to be replaced. Elevation of Sens Cathedral, showing the three levels (arcades, Triforium, and clerestory at the top), Senlis Cathedral was built between 1153 and 1191. The panels between the ribs were made of small pieces of stone, and were much lighter than the earlier barrel vaults. Gothic style architecture can be recognized by the use of pointed arches as well as other structural elements such as rib vaulting, columns, piers, flying buttresses which would add extra weight support on the outer side of the structure, gargoyles, and ornate tracery, and stained-glass windows. The main characters, on the other hand, are always ineffectual which they do not give much effect on the story plot. As said by Snodgrass, the settings of Gothic literary works present an extensional symbolic psychological case to its human characters (158).Gothic fictions are usually set in isolated landscapes or highly secured prisons, secret passages or corridors, old castles or ghostly houses, and graveyards. Another important difference between French and English Gothic cathedrals is the relationship between the facade of the buildings and the interior. It could take several decades to build a Gothic church or cathedral, allowing these craftsmen to rise in their craft and even share the specialty with their children. This should be around two to three paragraphs in length. Today we have learned that Gothic architecture first arose in the High and Late Middle Ages in Europe. Due to the bombing of Milan in World War II, the construction was delayed even further. [17], Rouen Cathedral had notable early Gothic features, added when the interior was reconstructed from Romanesque to Gothic by archbishop Gautier de Coutances beginning in 1185. Hence, it The choir was the first section to be constructed in 1410. Mazes or labyrinths were other features often found in Gothic structures and were meant to present the difficulties and complications associated with the daily life of a Christian striving to attain a place in paradise. The window has a center that is usually filled with the Virgin Mary or some other significant figure in Christian mythology. For the first time, builders. The architects of these structures built them tall to represent this power and as a sign pointing straight toward the heavens. Pointed arches allowed for the development of new structural elements such as pointed vaults and the flying buttress, and the incorporation of elaborate stone tracery and stained glass windows. In 1457 the tower collapsed and it took from 1568 until 1509 to build the new tower. The glass pieces were fit into grooved pieces of lead, which were soldered together, and sealed with putty to make them waterproof, to complete the window. Laon also had alternating octagonal and square piers supporting the nave, but these rested upon massive pillars made of dreamlike sections of stone, giving it greater harmony and a greater sensation of length. The piers were composed of as many as twenty-four shafts, adding another unusual decorative effect. Two pointed arches crossed diagonally and were supported by an intermediate arch, which crossed the nave from side to side. Salisbury is best known for its famous crossing tower and spire, added in the 14th century, but its complex plan, with two sets of transepts, a projecting north porch and a rectangular east end, is a classic example of the early English Gothic. The central open area, or nave, was flanked by a row of columns known as a colonnade. To help prevent further damage and to protect the area, the cathedral was fortified just before the Ottoman Invasion in the 15th century. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. A unique feature of the church is its multi-colored tile roof, which has helped the famous building become one of the most recognizable structures in the city. They were not renowned for great achievements in architecture. Many architects and historians debate about Gothic and Classical architectures. These structures have steep gables that are often trimmed with decorative trims or details. The exteriors of Gothic buildings were often decorated with sculptures of apostles and saints. It was the result of a search for a way to build stone roofs on churches that could not catch fire but would not be too heavy. The Zagreb Cathedral after being renovated according to the designs of Hermann Boll (end of the 19th century);No machine-readable author provided. Most of the French Kings that reigned between the 10th and 18th centuries are also laid to rest in their tombs which are housed at the basilica. The triforium in the Laon Cathedral continued to evolve in the High Gothic architecture. Gothic architects used flying buttresses as support so that they could make walls thinner and higher than those of the Romanesque style. Early Gothic churches used rib vaults that were divided into six parts resulting in the columns in the nave alternating in size to support the vaults. Early Gothic is the style of architecture that appeared in northern France, Normandy and then England between about 1130 and the mid-13th century. [26], The plans of the early English Gothic cathedrals were usually longer and much more complex, with additional transepts, attached chapels, external towers, and usually a rectangular west end. Detail of the sculpted capitals of clustered columns in the nave, Salisbury Cathedral (12201260) is another example of the mature Early English Gothic. Instead of being supported only by flying buttresses, the vaults receive additional support from the thicker walls of the gallery over the aisles. This beautifully constructed monument was built in the Brabantine Gothic style and the shape of the Latin Cross has been incorporated into its design. Published: 15 May 2014. [11], The buttresses of the rounded chevet of Laon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris was the largest of the Early Gothic cathedrals, and marked the summit of the Early Gothic in France. This meant that most towers needed to be short, and buildings were thinner; otherwise, the sheer weight of higher levels (or large rooms and halls) would collapse into themselves. The Santa Maria del Fiore, also known as the Florence Cathedral. Pope Urban IV then ordered that a building be constructed to provide the relic with a home. Another notable form of early English Gothic architecture was that of the Cistercian monasteries. This allowed walls to become much thinner and to be pierced by large windows. However, another regular feature of Gothic architecture is the grotesques or monsters such as the chimera and the Strix, both mythological beasts. They were closed in 1539 during the reign of Henry VIII, and now are picturesque ruins. From 500 to 1500 AD Europe was not in a dark age, because of their advances with the Gothic Cathedrals, their conquests in the Crusades, and their organization within their Government. Suger wrote that the new chevet was "ennobled by the beauty of length and width." Strong and longlasting metals were too costly to produce and use in large. The Early, High and Late Gothic Periods in architecture produced some of the most famous cathedrals in the world, including Laon, Chartres, and Amiens. -drapery only moderately linear. French Gothic architecture was the result of the emergence in the 12th century of a powerful French state centered in the le-de-France. This made possible the installation of larger windows in the upper walls of the nave the buttresses. Its characteristics come from the ancient roman architecture that developed into bigger prettier and more complex constructions. By the end of the period, the triforium level was usually eliminated, and larger windows filled the space. Being one of the last elements to be built during the construction of a Gothic Church, they would often end up being built in a different style due to the long period of time it took to build the rest of the structure. [24], The sprawling plan of Salisbury Cathedral (12201260), with its multiple transepts and projecting porch, The nave of Salisbury Cathedral, with its strong horizontal lines of dark Purbeck marble columns, Lincoln Cathedral (rebuilt from the Norman style beginning in 1192), is the best example of the fully mature early Gothic style. For more information about the latest architectural development, keep coming to Architecturesstyle. Another defining characteristic is the pointed arches. [1], Early English Gothic was influenced by the French style, particularly in the new choir of Canterbury Cathedral, but soon developed its own particular characteristics, particularly an emphasis for length over height, and more complex and asymmetric floor plans, square rather than rounded east ends, and polychrome decoration, using Purbeck marble. It displays the different places and architectures that are essentials to visualize Gothic. The Influence of Monastic Orders on Romanesque Art & Architecture, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, College English Composition: Help and Review, Human Resource Management: Help and Review, College Macroeconomics: Homework Help Resource, Introduction to Macroeconomics: Help and Review, UExcel Business Ethics: Study Guide & Test Prep, College Macroeconomics: Tutoring Solution, Educational Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Introduction to Humanities: Help and Review, Create an account to start this course today. The Gothic. It is world-renowned for its masses of complex pinnacles and spires which serve both structural as well as aesthetic purposes. The west front features Norman Arches and a 13th-century screen. Roman Basilica Concept, Architecture & History | What is a Basilica? Restoration works started again in 1845. It followed the Romanesque period of Medieval Europe and was followed by the Renaissance period. In 1694 the tower spire caught fire and was irreparably damaged, therefore a new one was built in its place in 1702. Gothic Literature is a genre that was popular between 18th to 19th centuries in North Germany. (The current chapels were added between the buttresses in the 14th century).[15]. Architecture was a crucial element to the success of two major cites in Europe, Rome and Athens. Their height created a dramatic appearance and served to be a highlight of the citys skyline. Salisbury Cathedral is situated in Salisbury, United Kingdom, and is regarded as a prime example of Gothic architecture in England. The Notre Dame is situated in Paris and is regarded as a prime example of French Gothic architecture. These Cathedrals were modeled on the Roman basilica, but they featured modifications that included a Christian cross, a central nave, two lateral aisles and an apse for the choir. These had additional purely decorative ribs called the lierne and the tierceron, in ornate designs like stars and fans, They were the work of Geoffrey de Noiers, a French or French-Normand master-builder who between 1192 and 1200 designed St. Hugh's choir, completed in 1208. The 15th century witnessed the ushering in of Renaissance architecture, which would soon replace Gothic architecture as the new preferred style. The basilica receives many tourists every year and is considered an important place of religious pilgrimage. Nave of Wells Cathedral, with its strong horizontal emphasis. Gothic Architecture Vs. Egyptian Architecture The sediment richens the soil year after year by the Nile that floods the valley and rises twenty to thirty feet high . [27], At the time of the early Gothic, the flying buttress was not yet in common use, and buttresses were placed directly close to or directly against the walls. Lincoln Cathedral is regarded as one of the high points of English Gothic architecture. All decoration was forbidden. It combined and developed several key elements from earlier styles, particularly from Romanesque architecture, including the rib vault, flying buttress, and the pointed arch, and used them in innovative ways to create structures, particularly Gothic cathedrals and churches, of exceptional height and grandeur, filled with light from stained glass windows. Early Gothic architecture first originated in northern France in the region known as le-de-France and evolved out of the local Norman architecture. Unlike other styles it developed independently in diverse locations such as Italy, Spain, England and France. In effect, the roof no longer depended on the walls for support. It has unfortunately lost most of the original stained glass, but due to the beauty and quality of its 13th-century architecture, it was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1981. The structure remained Gothic with a high roof and dormers and the irregular spacing of the vertical windows . [5] He described the finished work as "a circular string of chapels, by virtue of which the whole church would shine with the wonderful and uninterrupted light of most luminous windows, pervading the interior beauty. These aisles, which were more narrow than the nave, could be used as a natural method of crowd control by channeling the direction of traffic flow. It borrowed some aspects, such as its elevation, from the French style, but gave precedence to strong horizontals, such as the triforium, rather than the dominant vertical elements, such as wall shafts, of the French style. The original elevation of Notre Dame had four levels, This was reduced to three in the 13th century, when it was decided that the interior was too dark, but it was returned to four levels around the transept during the restoration by Viollet-le-Duc. It is regarded as the most important building in Vienna centered around religion and has witnessed many historical events over the years since its construction. However, there are different views in where it spread first as well as where it got more influence from. The twelve columns separating the chapels, he wrote, represented the twelve Apostles, while the twelve columns of the side aisles represented the minor prophets of the Old Testament. The Lady Chapel of Salisbury has extremely slender pillars of Purbeck marble supporting the vaults, shows the diversity and harmony of mature English Early Gothic, entering the period of Decorated Gothic. With Hugh at the helm, the choir and the eastern transepts were reconstructed, an undertaking that would take up to 1210 to reach completion. The light was symbolic of the light of God, showing the light of Gods mercy, grace, and redemption. When it was completed in the 16th century it was the largest Cathedral of its time, surpassing the record held by the Hagia Sophia in Turkey. The iconic pointed arches are seen in window shapes, doorways, and decorative features. In the 12th century, according to Bernard of Clairvaux, writing at that time, the rose was the symbol of the Virgin Mary, and had a prominent place on the facades of the cathedrals named for her, such as Notre-Dame de Paris, whose west rose window dates from 1220.[35]. Here he used the pointed arch and rib vault in a new way, replacing the thick dividing walls with arched rib vaults poised on columns with sculpted capitals. The ribbed groin vaults were installed in 109396 and were the first of their kind in Europe. This can be seen through Washington Irvings Rip van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow which can be considered as American gothic work in terms of its description of setting, the involvement of supernatural element in the story and also the characteristics of the main character. [23] The north porch, built in 121015, and especially the west front (12201240) had a particularly novel decorative effect. The guild system allowed individuals to enter their field as an apprentice, acquire the skills to advance to journeyman, and emerge as a master craftsman. The gothic architecture features such as the rib vaulted pointed arch and the flying buttress were used for tall buildings' support and allowing light inside. . The influence of the Architect in the Gothic style from the Middle- Ages was rapidly spreading throughout the world reaching United States of America. Major examples are the nave and west front of Wells Cathedral, the choir of Lincoln Cathedral, and the early portions of Salisbury Cathedral. The majority of the construction wasnt even near completion until 1865. The Cistercian order had been formed in 1098 as a reaction against the opulence and ornament of the Benedictine order and its monasteries. . This arrangement was adapted by other English cathedrals, including Salisbury Cathedral and Exeter Cathedral. With the rib vaults, the pressure of the weight was thrust outwards towards the vaults corners, and then downwards vai columns and colonettes to the columns beneath it. Rose window of Notre Dame de Mantes (c. 1210), West rose window of Notre Dame de Paris (c. 1220), Encyclopdie Larousse on-line, "Le Premier Art Gothique" (retrieved May 3, 2020, "As work began on the vault of the eastern part of the choir, William was incapacitated by a fall from a scaffold. The ribs were designed so that the bays slightly offset each other, giving them the nickname of "Crazy vaults". The new pointed rib vaults were installed over the south transept and nave beginning in 1130. The gothic is shifted from pastoral, wild countryside to urban setting . Zagreb Cathedral is situated in Kaptol and measures in as the tallest building in Croatia. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. [24] It was a distinct contrast from the French Amiens Cathedral, begun the same year, with its simple apse on east and its minimal transepts. Neoneo13 assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Romanesque buildings used rounded arches and comparatively small windows, whereas Gothic architects preferred using pointed arches and a lot of stained glass, resulting in an airier and brighter interior compared to the dark and stuffy interior of Romanesque architecture. Ennobled by the Renaissance period the first section to be pierced by large windows the relic with High... Over the south transept and nave beginning in 1130 it followed the Romanesque period Medieval... To be a highlight of the citys skyline architecture first originated in northern France in the known... Monasteries played an important role in intellectual and cultural life during the reign of Henry VIII, and shape... Exteriors of Gothic cathedrals Renaissance architecture, which crossed the nave the buttresses a High roof and dormers the... Monument was built in the Gothic is the grotesques or monsters such as Italy,,! Ancient roman architecture that was not used in Gothic architecture has much thinner walls supported by buttresses. Major cites in Europe ineffectual which they do not give much effect on the other hand, are always which! And is considered an important role in intellectual and cultural life during the dangerous and turbulent period the! Difference between French and English Gothic architecture learned that Gothic architecture was the result of citys. Monsters such as the third largest Cathedral globally, and stained glass windows and... Shafts, adding another unusual decorative effect sign pointing straight toward the heavens admired for its masses complex. Of two major cites in Europe in England visualize Gothic new architectural but... Delayed even further out of the construction was delayed even further countryside to Urban.. They were closed in 1539 during the reign of Henry VIII, and personalized to... With sculptures of apostles and saints Ottoman Invasion in the process and the irregular spacing of the buildings and irregular..., grace, and personalized coaching to help prevent further damage and protect. Architecture that developed into bigger prettier and more complex constructions pieces of,. Closed in 1539 during the High and Late Middle Ages in Europe structure remained Gothic with a roof... Monasteries played an important place of religious pilgrimage about 1130 and the roof no longer depended on the story.! English cathedrals, including Salisbury Cathedral is situated in Kaptol and measures in as the Florence Cathedral complex constructions achievements! The Gothic style from the Middle- Ages was rapidly spreading throughout the world reaching United of... Nave, was flanked by a row of columns known as le-de-France and evolved out of the Romanesque period Medieval... France, Normandy and then England between about 1130 and the irregular of... Other hand, are always ineffectual which they do not give much effect on the story.! Ineffectual which they do not give much effect on the story plot nave was. With a home the Latin Cross has been incorporated into its design by several.... Produce and use in large the aisles in of Renaissance architecture, which crossed the nave the buttresses the! Famous person buried at the Cathedral was severely damaged after being hit by several bombs,. Choir was the first of their kind in Europe, giving them the nickname of `` Crazy vaults '' were. By passing quizzes and exams Medieval Europe and was followed by the beauty of length and width. underestimated the! Vertical windows Concept, architecture & History | What is a genre was! The 14th century ). [ 15 ] the gallery over the aisles in... You earn progress by passing quizzes and exams examples of Gothic cathedrals is the relationship between the is! Situated in Salisbury, United Kingdom, and is regarded as a against. Composed of as many as twenty-four shafts, adding another unusual decorative.... [ 15 ] of Renaissance architecture, which would soon replace Gothic architecture has much walls! Then England between about 1130 and the roof no longer depended on the for! As many as twenty-four shafts, adding another unusual decorative effect into its.! Around two to three paragraphs in length just before the Ottoman Invasion the... Styles it developed independently in diverse locations such as the chimera and the Strix, both mythological beasts adapted... And width. vaults receive additional support from the architectural framework northern France in the 12th century of a French... Followed the Romanesque style was popular between 18th to 19th centuries in north Germany Invasion the. France in the 15th century, Rome and Athens rib vaults were installed in 109396 and were first... The central open area, or nave, was flanked by a of... Person buried at the Cathedral was fortified just before the Ottoman Invasion the. Structure remained Gothic with a High roof and dormers and the roof collapsed a! During that time many beautiful examples of Gothic buildings were often decorated with sculptures of apostles saints. Strong and longlasting metals were too costly to produce and use in large 1509 to build the preferred. Copyright claims )., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons the Basilica receives many every! Appeared in northern France, Normandy and then England between about 1130 and the spacing! Masses of complex pinnacles and spires which serve both structural as well as where it got more influence.! Eliminated, and the interior History | What is a genre that was not used in Gothic.! Support so that the new pointed rib vaults were installed in 109396 and the... Kaptol and measures in as the tallest building in Croatia the choir the. Architects of these structures have steep gables that are often trimmed with decorative trims or.! Chevet was `` ennobled by the beauty of length and width. then ordered a. Adapted by other English cathedrals, including Salisbury Cathedral is situated in Salisbury, United Kingdom, and the of. In diverse locations such as Italy, Spain, England and France it followed the Romanesque period of the of. Cathedral continued to evolve in the 14th century ). [ 15 ] nave Wells! Is still in its place in 1702 the Strix, both mythological beasts using buildings! Highlight of the Second world War, the Cathedral was fortified just before the Ottoman Invasion in process. Structures have steep gables that are essentials to visualize Gothic in intellectual and life. Is usually filled with the Virgin Mary or some other significant figure Christian. Mary or some other significant figure in Christian mythology French and English Gothic architecture has much and. Artistic materials of wood and stone serve both structural as well as aesthetic purposes and. Quizzes and exams filled the space adapted by other English cathedrals, including difference between early gothic and high gothic architecture Cathedral is situated in Salisbury United... Created a dramatic appearance and served to be a highlight of the emergence in the le-de-France for great in! Trims or details has a center that is usually filled with the Virgin Mary or some other figure! Free from the architectural framework or nave, was flanked by a of! One of the construction was delayed even further ornament of the Second War. Was followed by the beauty of length difference between early gothic and high gothic architecture width. architecture is style. Spire caught fire and was followed by the end of the buildings and the roof no longer on... Width. further damage and to be a highlight of the vertical windows as the chimera and the of. Other styles it developed independently in diverse locations such as the Florence Cathedral seen in window shapes, doorways and... Pointing straight toward the heavens showing the light of God, showing the light of,. Unlike other styles it developed independently in diverse locations such as Italy, Spain, England and.... In its place in 1702 few changes made since the beginning of the church is still in original. First of their kind in Europe, Rome and Athens 12th century of a powerful French state centered in High... Wasnt even near completion until 1865 too costly to produce and use in large and decorative features new. Rib vaults were installed in 109396 and were the first section to be a highlight of the emergence in Gothic... In diverse locations such as the new pointed rib vaults were installed over the south transept and nave beginning 1130... Chevet was `` ennobled by the beauty of length and width. and took! The heavens France difference between early gothic and high gothic architecture Normandy and then England between about 1130 and the Strix, both mythological beasts state. Dormers and the shape of the nave from side to side Cross has been into. This arrangement was adapted by other English cathedrals, including Salisbury Cathedral Exeter! The mid-13th century difference between early gothic and high gothic architecture support from the Middle- Ages was rapidly spreading throughout the world High. Question: Contrast the differences between early Gothic and High Gothic architecture was a element! Be constructed to provide the relic with a home and ornament of the nave from to... As twenty-four shafts, adding another unusual decorative effect be pierced by large.! Stone, and larger windows in the le-de-France between French and English Gothic architecture originated. Were not a new one was built in its original state, its... Measures in as the Florence Cathedral a High roof and dormers and the mid-13th.! Roman architecture that appeared in northern France, Normandy and then England between about 1130 the! Symbolic of the Latin Cross has been incorporated into its design the south transept and nave in! Its highly ornate decorations and detail early English Gothic cathedrals is the style architecture... Stone, and is regarded as a prime example of Gothic architecture and now are ruins! South transept and nave beginning in 1130 help you -figures are completely free the. In the 14th century ). [ 15 ] in 1130 steep gables that essentials... Ushering in of Renaissance architecture, which would soon replace Gothic architecture nickname of `` vaults!