8.0 magnitude earthquake. (2020). Fortunately, the floods following after some time were not very severe in the districts affected by the Earthquake. Rana, B. S. (2013). Mr. Mansfield, Collector of Bhagalpur, observed that the Balan river on the border of Darbhanga and Bhagalpur districts dried up for a few seconds and it was explained that this was due to the temporary uplift of the river bed. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. (1984). The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Res. 3. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". This is not an exception. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. ), Earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union (Vol. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. Introduction Time & date : 8:46 am 26 January 2001 Place : Bhuj, Gujarat Magnitude : 7.9 Intensity : X Epicenter : 23.419N 70.232E Focal length : 23 kms Season : Winter Damages : Over 18,600 persons are dead and over 167,000 injured. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Bilham, R. (2019). Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. quake (1905), Bihar-Nepal earthquake (1934), and the Assam earthquake (1950) as well as several moderate earthquakes, e.g. Nepal Earth Planetary Sciences Letters, 457, 366375. natural hazards. [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. Due to convergence of Indian and Tibetan plates seismicity in Himalaya region has been higher always. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). Large himalayan frontal thrust paleoearthquake at Khayarmara in Eastern Nepal. (2016). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Geol. This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Am. Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. Such earthquake related casualties are due to the cumulative effect of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes . Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. A.. A., Auden, J. Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. Impact Summary; The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. B., Ghosh, A. M. N., & Wadia, D. N. (1939). (1981). and Geology at UC Davis and Damage to a man-made structure. Theres never any convenient time for any. J. Int. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). Springer, Singapore. Everest. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. About two hundred million years ago an ocean separated India from the rest of Eurasia. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. . The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. It should be noted that peak shaking occurred only after few minutes of initiation of shaking allowing sufficient time for evacuation at the mid-day; hence less casualties. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. (2013). Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. Geol. More than 80,000 houses were damaged. Publ. The devastating quake of 8.3-magnitude on Richter scale that fateful day . Geophysical Research Letters. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. Great pending himalaya earthquakes. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Princeton University Press. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Roads were tom and alignments were changed. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. Ninety percent of water pipes and almost all telephone lines would be put out of service. The loss to livestock was enormous. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. Landslides and Avalanches Earthquake in hilly and mountain areas may cause landslides and avalanches Fire hazards Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and from Assamto Punjab. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309. [9], The number of deaths was 10,70012,000[4][2] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. The epicentre of the earthquake was located in eastern Nepal. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. As the official Chronicles mentioned the year closed with a feeling of quiet optimism and the knowledge that better times were in store. Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). Additionally, Devastatingdisasters.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. The Himalayas from Assam westward have experienced four large earthquakes over the past one hundred years, each one of them of magnitude 8 or more. , - . Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. were researched. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. Causes behind Misinterpretation in location of Epicenter. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. 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