[29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)], Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(vii)], Use fall-arrest systems when working from the following types of scaffolding: boatswain's chair, catenary, float, needle beam, ladder, and pump jack. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. Toeboards shall be securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform and have not more than 1/4 inch (0.7 cm) clearance above the walking/working surface. Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part -- Fall Protection; No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). What exactly is sufficient clear space? Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component to a level below that required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. Web(1) A type of supported scaffold set on wheels or casters (2) A simple device consisting of a platform resting on brackets attached to a ladder (3) A uniquely designed scaffold consisting of a platform supported by moveable brackets on vertical poles (1)Mobile Scaffold (2) Ladder Scaffold (3) Pump Jack Scaffold WebScaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Do employees working on supported scaffolds need to be trained? In the general industry, the height requirement for scaffolding is 4 feet above a lower level. For construction work, the height requirement is 6 feet above a lower level. All workers 10 feet above a lower level must have fall protection. Thereof, what is the minimum height for working at height? The Work at Height Regulations 2005 protect [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. WebAccess: Scaffolds must have an acceptable form of access (e.g., ladders, stair towers, ramps, or walkways) if the platform is more than 2 feet above or below and/or 14 inches to the right or left of the point of access. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Counterweights shall be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams to prevent accidental displacement. When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart. Tables showing maximum permissible spans, rated load capacity, and nominal thickness are in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c) of the standard. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. ABOUT US. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substance being used. The following chart illustrated the type of fall protection required for specific scaffolds. WebEach scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. What Are the Requirements for Supported Scaffolds? Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Climbing the structural cross-braces of a scaffold is unsafe, and specifically forbidden by federal standards. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(v)], Front-end loaders and similar equipment can support scaffold platforms only when they've been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. When Scaffolding is Needed The very short answer is: when a risk assessment outlines it is necessary! A risk assessment is a legal requirement to carry out when employees are on a working at height project, but not legally required in personal projects, although you should take safety seriously and conduct one yourself. If such access is not possible, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers, stairway-type ladders, ramps, walkways, or built-in ladders must be used, under the following regulations: Portable, Hook-on, and Attachable Ladders. WebWhen scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold To ensure stability for fall protection, scaffolds can be supported by: legs, Where do tiebacks for outrigger beams, cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices need to be secured? Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. Must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet high. When midrails are used, they shall be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(i)], No. A canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact forces of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees below. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. Suspension ropes shall be shielded from heat-producing processes. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the hoisting rope. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result Riser height shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. Must have their lowest rung no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. Treads and landings shall have slip-resistant surfaces. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(7)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of the rope at the lowest point. Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. [. To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). [29 CFR 1926.451 (a) (1)] Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. There are no specific requirements under these rules that address access gates in scaffold configurations incorporating a ladder-access to the work platform in [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Gears and brakes must be enclosed. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a competent person. In addition, employees must wear hard hats. A safe point of access should be present during erection and dismantling operations. The second part is sufficient clearance. The suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope passing through the hoist, or the end of the rope configured to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. [29 CFR 1926.454(a)], Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than 4:1 must be restrained by guying, tying, bracing, or an equivalent means. Does a scaffold meet the requirements of 1926.502 (d) (15)? What are the requirements for access to scaffolds? Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. [, All suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined by a competent person. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed by a registered professional engineer specifically for such movement or, for mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 1926.452(w) are followed. The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. 724-452-8300. What protections from overhead falling objects do the standards provide? A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. The load end of wire suspension ropes shall be equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. This paragraph applies to scaffold access for all employees. Scaffolding is the solution to many access issues, providing a safe and legal means of access for workers at height. It is recommended above many other means of access, especially if the work will be prolonged or involve multiple workers, tools, equipment or materials. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Must have a minimum rung length of 11 inches, and a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. [, Emergency escape and rescue devices must not be used as working platforms, unless designed to function as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified in order to intermix them unless a competent person determines the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. Scaffold What are the requirements for work on platforms cluttered with debris? WebEach scaffolding access ladder section, whether 6ft or 3ft requires a ladder bracket. ENGINEERED ACCESS SOLUTIONS. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(13)], The stall load of any scaffold hoist must not exceed three times its rated load. Ladders used to access scaffolds and work platforms shall be in compliance with the requirements of . Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(8)], The standard does require specific clearance distances. WebIntegral prefabricated scaffold access frames must be designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs, and cannot be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11.5 inches in The manufacturer must approve any alterations to the stilts. Also see, OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. Direct access to or from another surface shall only be used when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and 24 inches vertically from the other surface. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ix) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(5)], A single tieback must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user. When can welding be done from a suspension scaffold? Scaffolding Legal Requirements of DMCC (Dubai Multi Commodities Centre)-Dubai-UAE What are the fall protection requirements for all scaffolds? [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in accordance with that design. [29 CFR 1926.502(d)] The use of a body belt in a tethering system or in a restraint system is acceptable and is regulated under 29 CFR 1926.502(e). All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps, and similar devices, shall rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist (or at least 1.5 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater). Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each scaffold platform and walkway shall be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material, and shall be restrained to prevent movement. Sound anchorages do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Personal fall-arrest systems include harnesses, components of the harness/belt such as D-rings, and snap hooks, lifelines, and anchorage points. WebNever alter a scaffold structure or extend it. platform boarding arrangement and the number of boarded lifts that Canopies, when used for falling object protection, shall comply with the following criteria: Canopies shall be installed between the falling object hazard and the employees. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35182 and 35310, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30 1996; 61 FR 59831, Nov. 25, 1996], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. This includes ladders, boxes, and barrels. How will I know what kind of fall protection to provide for a specific-type of scaffold? Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. And, platforms on supported scaffolds should be placed securely on an appropriate firm base foundation thats level and sound. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(2)], Also, employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials - except to remove these substances. Web5.3.10 Access tower shall be provided at every 30-meter distance for suspended scaffold. Must be uniformly spaced within each frame section. Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. WebPurely relying on the expertise of a Scaffold contractor will not meet the accreditation requirements. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)], Fall-arrest and guardrail systems must be used when working on single- and two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds and self-contained adjustable scaffolds that are supported by ropes. Two tie-backs installed at opposing angles are required when a perpendicular tieback cannot be installed. What materials are unacceptable for guardrails? Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. Horizontal lifelines shall not be attached only to the suspension ropes. Vertically - every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less for scaffolds less than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide; every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less for scaffolds more than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. this Section and Section 24.B. The clearance between scaffolds and power lines shall be as follows: Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they or any conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines than as follows: Exception to paragraph (f)(6): Scaffolds and materials may be closer to power lines than specified above where such clearance is necessary for performance of work, and only after the utility company, or electrical system operator, has been notified of the need to work closer and the utility company, or electrical system operator, has deenergized the lines, relocated the lines, or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. Tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. This is fine for most residential work, but if your next build is a commercial project you may find it wont create a high enough working platform. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(15)], An automatic braking and locking device, in addition to the operating brake, must engage when a hoist makes instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. Access requirements for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds are specifically addressed in paragraph (e)(9) of this section. Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights Must have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees (20 degrees above the horizontal). Must have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except that mobile stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches. Planking or Decking How to reduce the risk of injury when using bakers scaffolds Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and be repeated vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds 3 feet (0.91 m) wide or less, and every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. The maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds shall be 3 inches (8 cm); The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations shall be 18 inches (46 cm). Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated hoists shall have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. Supported scaffolds with a height to base width (including outrigger supports, if used) ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means, as follows: Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. What are some of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists? [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(a)], Each platform must be planked and decked as fully as possible with the space between the platform and uprights not more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. DESIGN & ENGINEERING. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. Provides general requirements for all scaffolds [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To protect employees from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, install toeboards, screens, guardrail systems, debris nets, catch platforms, canopy structures, or barricades. Any ladders or stairways required to reach them must be placed so that the scaffold does not become unstable. The first section of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket. Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. This provision does not preclude the use of systems which are designed to function both as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. Stair-rails must not be less than 28 inches nor more than 37 inches from the surface of the tread. If you need to move around your project then mobility will be your main concern. 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. c) Added guidance for assessing base soil conditions. insulated protective covers cover the hoist. When midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. When can personal fall-arrest systems be used when working on scaffolding and aerial lifts? What are the access requirements for employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds? Osha standards Interpretation and compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training be than. Access tower shall be secured by mechanical means to the suspension scaffold access requirements can not be attached only to suspension... 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